I'm guessing that the manufactures put the AFM just behind the filter to get commonality of parts and assemblies with NA cars, plus positioned before the turbo and breather pipe connections the air is clean, so the AFM won't get covered in oily shite.
Answers (I'm not a rocket scientist but I am a powertrain design engineer)
1) Mass flow is independant of pressure - you change the pressure for a given mass flow and the velocity of the air will change to compensate.
2) Within the range of the temperature compensating thermocouple on the AFM it will provide consistant readings. I'd be surprised if the air between the intercooler and inlet manifold got too hot for it.
3) Yes, the increased pressure increases the cooling of the hot wire proportionately so that it doesnt really matter
So it'll work, but it'll get dirty and may fall over if inlet temperatures get very high post intercooler.